Can jobs background check you without letting you know?

Long story short, I had a panel interview with a few department managers at a hospital. One of the interviewers said the hiring process had a 2 step interview and the next step was an interview with HR. The interviewers said I did a fantastic job and to expect a call for the 2nd interview.

It’s been about a month and I haven’t heard back at all. To be honest, I have a pending court date for possession of marijuana but they didn’t say anything about background checking me right away. I was going to mention this all at the HR interview.

Is it possible they background checked me without letting me know and tossed my application or do they have to tell me when they would do it and give me an explanation?

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