Questions about security clearances

I'm casually looking for a new job because the one that I've been at has no room for growth. I live in an area where DoD contractors are always looking for new tech people, which is my area of expertise. They all require security clearances, and I have a few questions.

1. How do I get a security clearance?

• almost all of the positions that I want say they require an active security clearance of some sort. I'm hitting like 8 out of 10 of their requirements and this is the most common one that I miss.

2. Will an employer help me recieve a security clearance?

• I realize that there are some steps that I can take to help out, like getting certifications, but I hear getting a security clearance can be expensive. Is it common practice to get one yourself or is it mainly employer sided?

3. Do employers typically give an offer before you have a security clearance?

• a big fear of mine is that I'll get an offer, they say they'll get me a clearance, I quit my current job, and I don't get the clearance, and then I'm out of work. What's the usual process?

4. Should I inform my current employer?

• I'm afraid that if I tell them I'm looking, they'll let me go. But at the same time I read that they'll interview everyone I know for a clearance. I don't know what I should do here, any advice is appreciated.

Thanks for your time.

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