How to build references?

How do you eventually have someone to be your reference from work? Most of the time supervisors aren't around to watch us do the work so wouldn't know much to comment on our abilities. And what if one is in a role where it's just a few hours and the colleagues are always changing?

Some ideas I know are to invite others to lunch or networking but I feel I won't know what to say. Do you have any advice for that or any other ways to build references?

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